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Save (baseball)
In baseball, a save (abbreviated SV or S) is credited to a pitcher who finishes a game for the winning team under certain prescribed circumstances, described below. The number of saves, or percentage of save opportunities successfully converted, is an oft-cited statistic of relief pitchers, particularly those in the closer role. It became an official Major League Baseball (MLB) statistic in . Mariano Rivera is MLB's all-time leader in regular season saves with 652.
==History==
The term ''save'' was being used as far back as 1952. Executives Jim Toomey of the St. Louis Cardinals, Allan Roth of the Los Angeles Dodgers and Irv Kaze of the Pittsburgh Pirates awarded saves to pitchers that finished winning games but were not credited with the win, regardless of the margin of victory. The statistic went largely unnoticed.
A formula with more criteria for saves was invented in 1960 by baseball writer Jerome Holtzman. He felt that the existing statistics at the time, earned run average (ERA) and win–loss record (W-L), did not sufficiently measure a reliever's effectiveness. ERA does not account for inherited runners a reliever allows to score, and W-L record does not account for relievers protecting leads. Elroy Face of the Pittsburgh Pirates was 18–1 in 1959; however, Holtzman wrote that in 10 of the 18 wins, Face allowed the tying or lead run but got the win when the Pirates offense regained the lead.〔 Holtzman felt that Face was more effective the previous year when he was 5–2. When Holtzman presented the idea to J. G. Taylor Spink, publisher of ''The Sporting News'', "() gave () a $100 bonus. Maybe it was $200." Holtzman recorded the unofficial save statistic in ''The Sporting News'' weekly for nine years before it became official in 1969. In conjunction with publishing the statistic, ''The Sporting News'' in 1960 also introduced the Fireman of the Year Award, which was awarded based on a combination of saves and wins.〔
The save became an official MLB statistic in .〔 It was MLB's first new major statistic since the run batted in was added in 1920.〔 Bill Singer is credited with recording the first official save when he pitched three shutout innings in relief of Don Drysdale in the Los Angeles Dodgers' 3–2 Opening Day victory over the Cincinnati Reds at Crosley Field on April 7 of that year.〔(Expansion Era Famous Firsts – Baseball Almanac. )〕〔(Los Angeles Dodgers 3, Cincinnati Reds 2; Monday, April 7, 1969 (D) at Crosley Field – Retrosheet. )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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